The delta-nine conjecture for ternary sextics

Let PP be a nonnegative ternary sextic, let Δ3,6\Delta_{3,6} denote the cone of such forms that are not sums of squares, and let δ(P)\delta(P) denote its delta invariant. A form is stubborn when all positive odd powers remain nonnegative and are not sums of squares. Delta-nine conjecture. If

PΔ3,6,δ(P)=9,P\in\Delta_{3,6},\qquad \delta(P)=9,

then PP is stubborn and lies in the relative interior of a 22-dimensional face of P3,6P_{3,6}. The conjecture is motivated by Stengle's form and the known behavior of extremal ternary sextics; no resolution is given here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Grigoriy Blekherman, Khazhgali Kozhasov and Bruce Reznick, “On odd powers of nonnegative polynomials that are not sums of squares”, arXiv:2407.21779 (2024).

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