Pythagoras number conjecture for two-dimensional regular local rings

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Let RR be a regular local ring of dimension 22, and let KK be its field of fractions. The Pythagoras number conjecture for regular local rings asserts that

p(R)=p(K).p(R)=p(K).

Here p(R)p(R) and p(K)p(K) denote the least numbers of squares needed to represent every sum of squares in RR and KK, respectively. Since p(R)≥p(K)p(R)\geq p(K), the conjecture is only interesting when p(K)p(K) is finite.

References

Primary source

Tomasz Kowalczyk, “Sums of squares of regular functions on rational surfaces”, arXiv:2407.20378 (2025).

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