Pythagoras number conjecture for two-dimensional regular local rings

Let RR be a regular local ring of dimension 22, and let KK be its field of fractions. The Pythagoras number conjecture for regular local rings asserts that

p(R)=p(K).p(R)=p(K).

Here p(R)p(R) and p(K)p(K) denote the least numbers of squares needed to represent every sum of squares in RR and KK, respectively. Since p(R)p(K)p(R)\geq p(K), the conjecture is only interesting when p(K)p(K) is finite.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tomasz Kowalczyk, “Sums of squares of regular functions on rational surfaces”, arXiv:2407.20378 (2025).

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