The Prim'–Cayley fixed-point sum conjecture

Let Prim\operatorname{Prim}' and Cay\operatorname{Cay} be the species of primitive objects and Cayley permutations, respectively. For a Cayley permutation w=w1wnw=w_1\cdots w_n, let

\textscfix(w)={i:wi=i}\textsc{fix}(w)=\{i:w_i=i\}

be its set of fixed points. The Prim'–Cayley fixed-point sum conjecture. For all n1n\geq 1,

12Prim[n]=1nwCay[n]i=1nwi=wCay[n]i\textscfix(w)i.\frac{1}{2}|\operatorname{Prim}'[n]|=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{w\in\operatorname{Cay}[n]}\sum_{i=1}^n w_i=\sum_{w\in\operatorname{Cay}[n]}\sum_{i\in\textsc{fix}(w)}i.

The conjecture concerns a further relationship between the species Prim\operatorname{Prim}' and Cay\operatorname{Cay} beyond the known species equality Prim=Cay2\operatorname{Prim}'=\operatorname{Cay}^2. The paper reports that no bijective proof of that equality was found; no resolution of this fixed-point sum conjecture is given.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Anders Claesson, Giulio Cerbai, Dana C. Ernst and Hannah Golab, “Pattern-avoiding Cayley permutations via combinatorial species”, arXiv:2407.19583 (2024).

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