Atkin–Serre conjecture for Fourier coefficients at composite indices

Let ff be a newform of weight k4k \geq 4 and level NN, with Fourier coefficients af(m)a_f(m). For every ε>0\varepsilon>0, there exists a constant cε>0c_\varepsilon>0 such that for every m1m\geq 1, if af(m)0a_f(m)\neq 0, then

af(m)cεm(k3)/2ε.\left\lvert a_f(m) \right\rvert \geq c_\varepsilon m^{(k-3)/2-\varepsilon}.

Generalized Atkin–Serre conjecture. Under these hypotheses, the stated lower bound holds for every nonzero Fourier coefficient af(m)a_f(m). This extends the Atkin–Serre conjecture from prime-indexed to general Fourier coefficients; the source presents it as a proposed conjecture, with no resolution supplied.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

William Cason, Akash Jim, Charlie Medlock, Erick Ross and Hui Xue, “On the average size of the eigenvalues of the Hecke operators”, arXiv:2407.19076 (2025).

Additional references

5 papers in this index state this conjecture (2021–2024). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2405.16723, arXiv:2208.10459, arXiv:2108.03520, arXiv:2104.04410.

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