Atkin–Serre conjecture for Fourier coefficients at composite indices

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Let ff be a newform of weight k≥4k \geq 4 and level NN, with Fourier coefficients af(m)a_f(m). For every ε>0\varepsilon>0, there exists a constant cε>0c_\varepsilon>0 such that for every m≥1m\geq 1, if af(m)≠0a_f(m)\neq 0, then

∣af(m)∣≥cεm(k−3)/2−ε.\left\lvert a_f(m) \right\rvert \geq c_\varepsilon m^{(k-3)/2-\varepsilon}.

Generalized Atkin–Serre conjecture. Under these hypotheses, the stated lower bound holds for every nonzero Fourier coefficient af(m)a_f(m). This extends the Atkin–Serre conjecture from prime-indexed to general Fourier coefficients; the source presents it as a proposed conjecture, with no resolution supplied.

References

Primary source

William Cason, Akash Jim, Charlie Medlock, Erick Ross and Hui Xue, “On the average size of the eigenvalues of the Hecke operators”, arXiv:2407.19076 (2025).

Additional references

5 papers in this index state this conjecture (2021–2024). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2405.16723, arXiv:2208.10459, arXiv:2108.03520, arXiv:2104.04410.

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