Almost-all non-congruence presentations conjecture for finite simple groups

Let SS be a non-abelian finite simple group. A presentation of SS is an epimorphism F2SF_2\rightarrow S, and a presentation is non-congruence if its kernel does not arise from a congruence subgroup of SL2(Z)\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}).

Almost-all non-congruence presentations conjecture. As the order of SS tends to infinity, the proportion of non-congruence presentations among all presentations tends to 11:

limS#non-congruence presentations#all presentations=1.\lim_{|S|\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\#\text{non-congruence presentations}}{\#\text{all presentations}}=1.

The conjecture formalizes the expectation that congruence presentations are rare, despite the existence of infinite families of finite simple groups with characteristic congruence presentations. A congruence presentation would yield a functorial construction of a non-abelian finite simple cover of an elliptic curve from an isogeny, ramified only above the origin; the conjecture asserts that such presentations become negligible among all presentations as the group order grows.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

William Y. Chen, Alexander Lubotzky and Pham Huu Tiep, “Non-congruence presentations of finite simple groups”, arXiv:2407.19047 (2024).

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