Conjecture on the sum-freedom of the multiplicative inverse function

From papers

Let F2n\mathbb F_{2^n} be the finite field with 2n2^n elements, and define the multiplicative inverse function Finv:F2nF2nF_{\operatorname{inv}}:\mathbb F_{2^n}\to\mathbb F_{2^n} by

Finv(x)=x2n2={x1if x0,0if x=0.F_{\operatorname{inv}}(x)=x^{2^n-2}=\begin{cases}x^{-1}&\text{if }x\ne 0,\\0&\text{if }x=0. \end{cases}

For an integer kk, say that FinvF_{\operatorname{inv}} is kkth order sum-free when the sum of its values over every kk-dimensional affine subspace is nonzero; equivalently, it is not kkth order sum-free precisely when there is a kk-dimensional linear subspace EE of F2n\mathbb F_{2^n} such that

0xE1x=0.\sum_{0\ne x\in E}\frac{1}{x}=0.

Sum-freedom conjecture for the multiplicative inverse function. For even nn, FinvF_{\operatorname{inv}} is not kkth order sum-free for 2kn22\le k\le n-2. For odd nn, FinvF_{\operatorname{inv}} is not kkth order sum-free for 3kn33\le k\le n-3.

Known results establish several cases, including non-sum-freedom when gcd(k,n)>1\gcd(k,n)>1, symmetry between orders kk and nkn-k, and the cases forced by divisibility conditions; computer investigations suggest that the displayed parity-dependent pattern gives the complete answer.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Claude Carlet and Xiang-dong Hou, “More on the sum-freedom of the multiplicative inverse function”, arXiv:2407.14660 (2025).

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