The characteristic-polynomial conjecture for the Hermitian Killing form of a harmonic polynomial

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Let nn be a positive integer and let a,b∈Ca,b\in\mathbb{C} satisfy ∣a∣≠1|a|\neq 1. Set h(z,w)=zn+awn+bh(z,w)=z^n+aw^n+b and h∗h^{\ast} for the polynomial obtained by conjugating the coefficients and variables, and consider the quotient

C[z,w]/⟨h,h∗⟩.\mathbb{C}[z,w]/\langle h,h^{\ast}\rangle.

With respect to the basis {[zαwβ]∣α,β<n}\lbrace [z^{\alpha}w^{\beta}]\mid \alpha,\beta<n\rbrace, let qC(λ)q_{\mathbb{C}}(\lambda) be the characteristic polynomial of the matrix representing the Hermitian Killing form. The characteristic-polynomial conjecture. Computations suggest that

qC(λ)=(λ−n2)(((∣a∣2−1)λ±n2∣b−ab‾∣)n−1)(((∣a∣2−1)2λ−n2∣b−ab‾∣2)n(n−1)2)(((∣a∣2−1)2λ+n2∣b−ab‾∣2)(n−1)(n−2)2)(∣a∣2−1)2n(n−1).q_{\mathbb{C}}(\lambda)=\frac{(\lambda-n^2)(((|a|^2-1)\lambda\pm n^2|b-a\overline{b}|)^{n-1})(((|a|^2-1)^2\lambda-n^2|b-a\overline{b}|^2)^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}})(((|a|^2-1)^2\lambda+n^2|b-a\overline{b}|^2)^{\frac{(n-1)(n-2)}{2}})}{(|a|^2-1)^{2n(n-1)}}.

Consequently, when b≠0b\neq 0, the difference between the numbers of positive and negative roots is nn, while when b=0b=0 the polynomial reduces to qC(λ)=λn2−1(λ−n2)q_{\mathbb{C}}(\lambda)=\lambda^{n^2-1}(\lambda-n^2) and that difference is 11. This proposed formula is motivated by computed examples and is consistent with the preceding proposition, which counts the solutions of the harmonic equation; its general validity is not established in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Davide Furchì, “The Hermitian Killing form and root counting of complex polynomials with conjugate variables”, arXiv:2406.15628 (2024).

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