Yuan's conjecture on simultaneous Pell equations with multiple solutions

Let a,b,c,da,b,c,d be positive integer coefficients, and consider the system

ax2by2=1,cy2dz2=1.a x^2-b y^2=1,\qquad c y^2-d z^2=1.

For positive integers ll and mm, define

n(l,m)=(m+m21)2l(mm21)2l4m21,n(l,m)=\cfrac{\left(m+\sqrt{m^2-1}\right)^{2l}-\left(m-\sqrt{m^2-1}\right)^{2l}}{4\sqrt{m^2-1}},

and let b(l,a)b(l,a) satisfy

4b(l,a)1=(a+a1)l(aa1)l2a1,l3(mod4).4b(l,a)-1=\cfrac{\left(\sqrt a+\sqrt{a-1}\right)^l-\left(\sqrt a-\sqrt{a-1}\right)^l}{2\sqrt{a-1}},\qquad l\equiv3\pmod 4.

Yuan's conjecture. If this system has at least two solutions in positive integers, then its coefficients are given by

(a,b,c,d)=(1,m21,1,n(l,m)21),(a,a1,b(l,a),b(l,a)1),(a,b,c,d)=(1,m^2-1,1,n(l,m)^2-1),\qquad (a,a-1,b(l,a),b(l,a)-1),

or by equivalent forms.

The conjecture gives a classification of the exceptional simultaneous Pell systems that can have multiple positive-integer solutions; the paper presents it as a reformulation by Cipu and Mignotte of a conjecture of Yuan. The supplied text does not establish its resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tobias Hilgart and Volker Ziegler, “On the unique solvability of the simultaneous Pell equations x^2-ay^2 = 1 and z^2-bx^2 = 1”, arXiv:2406.06191 (2024).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2022–2024). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2208.13230.

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