Joint mass distribution conjecture for Hecke eigenforms

Let H={x+iy:xR, y>0}\mathbb{H}=\{x+iy:x\in\mathbb{R},\ y>0\} be the upper half-plane, let Γ=SL2(Z)\Gamma=\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}), and let HkH_k be a Hecke basis of holomorphic cusp forms on Γ\Gamma. Let Ω\Omega be a fixed compact set of Γ\H\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H} whose boundary Ω\partial\Omega has hyperbolic measure zero. Let JZ>1J\in\mathbb{Z}_{>1}, let fjHkjf_j\in H_{k_j} satisfy

fj,fj=vol(Γ\H)(1jJ),\langle f_j,f_j\rangle=\operatorname{vol}(\Gamma\backslash\mathbb{H})\qquad(1\leq j\leq J),

and assume fi,fj=0\langle f_i,f_j\rangle=0 whenever ki=kjk_i=k_j and iji\ne j. For a=(aj)Z1Ja=(a_j)\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq1}^J, joint mass distribution conjecture.

1vol(Ω)Ωyj=1Jajkjj=1Jfj(z)2ajdμz=j=1J(aj)!+o(1)\frac{1}{\operatorname{vol}(\Omega)}\int_{\Omega}y^{\sum_{j=1}^J a_jk_j}\prod_{j=1}^J|f_j(z)|^{2a_j}\,\mathrm{d}\mu z=\prod_{j=1}^J(a_j)!+o(1)

as minkj\min k_j\to\infty. This asserts that orthogonal Hecke eigenforms are statistically independent in the large-weight limit, extending the single-form locally Gaussian value distribution conjecture. The supplied text does not state whether the conjecture has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Bingrong Huang, “Joint distribution of Hecke eigenforms”, arXiv:2406.03073 (2026).

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