Mixed-equilibrium conjecture for multiple pathogens

Consider the multi-species SLIR system for VV pathogens and PP species, with pathogens indexed by a=1,,ka=1,\dots,k satisfying R0a<1\mathcal{R}_{0a}<1 and pathogens indexed by e=k+1,,Ve=k+1,\ldots,V satisfying R0e>1\mathcal{R}_{0e}>1, for some k{1,,n}k\in\{1,\ldots,n\}. Mixed-equilibrium conjecture. The system has an unstable mixed equilibrium in which pathogens 1,,k1,\ldots,k are absent and pathogens k+1,,Vk+1,\ldots,V are present at an endemic level. This conjecture is presented as a natural extension of the paper's theorem on the existence of mixed endemic equilibria and concerns the apparent partial independence of pathogens; its resolution is not established in the supplied text.

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Primary source

Clotilde Djuikem and Julien Arino, “Transmission of multiple pathogens across species”, arXiv:2405.20264 (2025).

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