Unimodality conjecture for statistics on separable permutations

Let SnS_n be the set of separable permutations of length nn, and for πSn\pi\in S_n let lmax(π)\operatorname{lmax}(\pi), rmax(π)\operatorname{rmax}(\pi), lmin(π)\operatorname{lmin}(\pi), and rmin(π)\operatorname{rmin}(\pi) denote the numbers of left-to-right maxima, right-to-left maxima, left-to-right minima, and right-to-left minima, respectively. For a statistic stat\operatorname{stat} in this set, consider the distribution of the number of permutations with stat(π)=k\operatorname{stat}(\pi)=k. Unimodality conjecture. The distribution of separable permutations πSn\pi\in S_n with stat(π)=k\operatorname{stat}(\pi)=k, stat{lmax,rmax,lmin,rmin}\operatorname{stat}\in\{\operatorname{lmax},\operatorname{rmax},\operatorname{lmin},\operatorname{rmin}\}, is unimodal with the peak being at k=2k=2 for n3n\geq 3. The conjecture is based on computational data and suggested embeddings between classes of separable permutations; a combinatorial proof remains open.

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Primary source

Joanna N. Chen, Sergey Kitaev and Philip B. Zhang, “Distributions of statistics on separable permutations”, arXiv:2404.18517 (2024).

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