Doyle's conjecture on locally univalent circle packings of the hexagonal triangulation

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Let TH\mathcal{T}_H be the hexagonal triangulation obtained from the lattice

H={vm,n=m+neπi3:m,n∈Z}H=\{v_{m,n}=m+ne^{\frac{\pi i}{3}}:m,n\in\mathbb{Z}\}

by connecting lattice vertices at distance 11. A locally univalent circle packing is a circle packing of TH\mathcal{T}_H with locally univalent developing map; the regular hexagonal packings and the Doyle spirals Pr0,x,y\mathcal{P}_{r_0,x,y}, defined for r0>0r_0>0 and x,y∈R+x,y\in\mathbb{R}_+ by

rm,n=r0xmyn,m,n∈Z,r_{m,n}=r_0x^my^n,\qquad m,n\in\mathbb{Z},

are the explicitly known examples.

Doyle's conjecture. There are no locally univalent circle packings of the hexagonal triangulation TH\mathcal{T}_H other than regular hexagonal packings and Doyle spirals.

The conjecture asserts rigidity of locally univalent circle packings with hexagonal combinatorics: the known regular and spiral families should exhaust the moduli space. However, for the general cases, the conjecture remains open.

References

Primary source

Bobo Hua and Puchun Zhou, “The rigidity of Doyle circle packings on the infinite hexagonal triangulation”, arXiv:2404.11258 (2024).

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