Archer–Geary conjecture on chain-avoiding permutations

Let Cn(231,1432:231)C_n(231,1432: 231) be the set of permutations in SnS_n that avoid the chain (231,1432:231)(231,1432: 231), and let cn(231,1432:231)c_n(231,1432: 231) denote its cardinality. Thus, the permutation avoids both 231231 and 14321432, while its square avoids 231231. Let Ln+1L_{n+1} denote the (n+1)(n+1)-th Lucas number. Archer–Geary's conjecture. For every positive integer nn,

cn(231,1432:231)=Ln+1n21.c_n(231,1432: 231)=L_{n+1}-\left\lceil \frac{n}{2}\right\rceil-1.

This conjecture concerns the enumeration of permutations satisfying simultaneous pattern-avoidance conditions on a permutation and its square. The source attributes it to Archer and Geary; no resolution is supplied here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Junyao Pan and Pengfei Guo, “On the permutations that strongly avoid the pattern 312 or 231”, arXiv:2404.01597 (2024).

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