Subpandigital and subpenholodigital square existence conjecture

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Let b>2b>2. A strict subpandigital square or strict subpenholodigital square in base bb mean the square of a number whose base-bb representation contains, respectively, each digit 0,1,…,b−20,1,\ldots,b-2 exactly once and no digit b−1b-1, or each digit 1,…,b−21,\ldots,b-2 exactly once and neither 00 nor b−1b-1.

Subpandigital and subpenholodigital square existence conjecture. Suppose b>7b>7. A strict subpandigital square and a strict subpenholodigital square in base bb exist if and only if bb is even or b−1b-1 has an odd 22-adic valuation.

The preceding corollary rules out both types when bb is odd and b−1b-1 has even 22-adic valuation. The supplied text gives no resolution of the asserted existence in the complementary bases.

References

Primary source

Chai Wah Wu, “Pandigital and penholodigital numbers”, arXiv:2403.20304 (2025).

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