Rank-one joint Gaussian distribution conjecture for elliptic-curve twists

Let E/QE/\mathbb{Q} be an elliptic curve given by y2=F(x)y^2=F(x) for a monic cubic integral polynomial FF, and let KK be the splitting field of FF over Q\mathbb{Q}. Let G=Gal(K/Q)G=\operatorname{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q}), and for gGg\in G let c(g)c(g) be the integer such that c(g)1c(g)-1 is the number of fixed points of gg. Define

μ(E)=121GgGlogc(g),σ(E)=1+1GgG(logc(g))2.\mu(E)=-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{|G|}\sum_{g\in G}\log c(g),\qquad \sigma(E)=1+\frac{1}{|G|}\sum_{g\in G}(\log c(g))^2.

Let F\mathcal{F} denote the rank-one quadratic-twist family considered in the source, and let ΞE\Xi_E and KE\mathfrak{K}_E be given by

ΞE(α,β)=(α1,β1)×(α2,β2)12πdet(KE)e12vTKE1vdv,KE=(1σ(E)1σ(E)11).\Xi_E(\underline{\alpha},\underline{\beta})=\int_{(\alpha_1,\beta_1)\times(\alpha_2,\beta_2)}\frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{\det(\mathfrak{K}_E)}}e^{-\frac12{\bf v}^{\mathrm{T}}\mathfrak{K}_E^{-1}{\bf v}}\,d{\bf v},\qquad \mathfrak{K}_E=\begin{pmatrix}1&\sigma(E)^{-1}\sigma(E)^{-1}&1\end{pmatrix}.

Rank-one joint distribution conjecture. As dd ranges over F\mathcal{F}, the joint distribution of logL(12,Ed)\log|L'(\frac12,E_d)| and log(\Sha(Ed)R(Ed)/d)\log(|\Sha(E_d)|R(E_d)/\sqrt{|d|}) is asymptotically bivariate normal in the precise sense that, for fixed α=(α1,α2)\underline{\alpha}=(\alpha_1,\alpha_2) and β=(β1,β2)\underline{\beta}=(\beta_1,\beta_2), the count displayed in the source statement is asymptotic to

(ΞE(α,β)+o(1))#{dF:20<dX}.(\Xi_E(\underline{\alpha},\underline{\beta})+o(1))\#\{d\in\mathcal{F}:20<|d|\le X\}.

Consequently, the second coordinate has approximately Gaussian mean (μ(E)+1)loglogd(\mu(E)+1)\log\log|d| and variance σ(E)2loglogd\sigma(E)^2\log\log|d|. This is the proposed rank-one analogue of the conjecture for the rank-zero family and is motivated by BSD and the preceding lower-bound theorem; it remains unproved in the stated generality.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Peng-Jie Wong, “On distributions of L'-values and orders of Sha groups in families of quadratic twists”, arXiv:2403.18382 (2024).

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