Ulas's conjecture on the distribution of roots of m-ary partition polynomials

Let pm(n,t)p_m(n,t) denote the mm-ary partition polynomial, and for natural numbers m2m\geq 2 and nn define the set of its nonzero roots

Zm,n:={zCpm(n,z)=0}{0}.Z_{m,n}:=\{z\in\mathbb{C}\mid p_m(n,z)=0\}\setminus\{0\}.

For NNN\in\mathbb{N}, set

Zm(N):=n>NZm,n.Z_m^{(N)}:=\bigcup_{n>N}Z_{m,n}.

Ulas's conjecture. For every ε>0\varepsilon>0 and every m2m\geq 2, there exists NN, possibly depending on ε\varepsilon and mm, such that

Zm(N){z1ε<z<1+ε}.Z_m^{(N)}\subseteq\{z\mid 1-\varepsilon<|z|<1+\varepsilon\}.

Moreover, for every m2m\geq 2,

#(Zm(0){zz>1})=#(Zm(0){zz<1})=.\#\left(Z_m^{(0)}\cap\{z\mid |z|>1\}\right)=\#\left(Z_m^{(0)}\cap\{z\mid |z|<1\}\right)=\infty.

Thus, there are infinitely many roots of mm-ary partition polynomials inside and outside the unit circle. The first assertion says that, for each fixed mm, the nonzero roots from sufficiently large indices lie arbitrarily close to the unit circle. The additional assertion predicts infinitely many roots on each side of that circle; the source presents both assertions as a problem/conjectural belief, and does not provide a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Błażej Żmija, “M-ary partition polynomials”, arXiv:2403.07477 (2024).

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