Real-rootedness, log-concavity, and Frankl–Füredi–Kalai conjecture for zig-zag Eulerian polynomials

For n1n\geq 1, write Zn(t)=kz(n,k)tkZ_n(t)=\sum_k z(n,k)t^k, and let

γn=(γn,0,γn,1,,γn,(n2)/2)\gamma_n=(\gamma_{n,0},\gamma_{n,1},\ldots,\gamma_{n,\lfloor (n-2)/2\rfloor})

be the gamma-vector associated with Zn(t)Z_n(t). A sequence is log-concave when ak2ak1ak+1a_k^2\geq a_{k-1}a_{k+1} wherever the terms are defined, and a vector satisfies the Frankl–Füredi–Kalai inequalities when it is the ff-vector of a balanced simplicial complex. Zig-zag polynomial conjecture. For all n1n\geq 1: (a) Zn(t)Z_n(t) has only real roots; (b) the sequence {z(n,k)}0kn2\{z(n,k)\}_{0\leq k\leq n-2} is log-concave, namely

z(n,k)2z(n,k1)z(n,k+1)z(n,k)^2\geq z(n,k-1)z(n,k+1)

for each k{1,2,,n3}k\in\{1,2,\ldots,n-3\}; and (c) γn\gamma_n satisfies the Frankl–Füredi–Kalai inequalities, equivalently, γn\gamma_n is the ff-vector of a balanced simplicial complex. These are posed as open questions for the zig-zag Eulerian polynomials, alongside the general relationship between gamma-nonnegativity, log-concavity, and real-rootedness.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

T. Kyle Petersen and Yan Zhuang, “Zig-zag Eulerian polynomials”, arXiv:2403.07181 (2024).

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