Heuristic conjecture for the limiting distribution of a-numbers of hyperelliptic curves in characteristic three

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Continue with p=3p=3, let F=Fq(X)F={{\mathbb{F}_q}}(X), and for ϵ∈{1,2}\epsilon\in\{1,2\} let μϵ,g′(a)\mu'_{\epsilon,g}(a) denote the proportion of genus-gg hyperelliptic curves in the corresponding parity class whose aa-number is aa, where a∈Z≥0a\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}. Heuristic conjecture. For ϵ∈{1,2}\epsilon\in\{1,2\} and a∈Z≥0a\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq0},

lim⁡g→∞μϵ,g′(a)={1−q−1if a=0,q−2a+1(1−q−2)if a>0.\lim_{g\to\infty}\mu'_{\epsilon,g}(a)=\begin{cases}1-q^{-1}&\text{if }a=0,\\q^{-2a+1}(1-q^{-2})&\text{if }a>0. \end{cases}

This conjecture proposes that the asymptotic aa-number distribution agrees with the distribution obtained from random two-dimensional subspaces of fixed height. The preceding theorem establishes the corresponding distribution for the heuristic model, while the asserted connection with hyperelliptic curves remains unproved.

References

Primary source

Derek Garton, Jeffrey Lin Thunder and Colin Weir, “The distribution of a-numbers of hyperelliptic curves in characteristic three”, arXiv:2403.00120 (2024).

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