Arithmetic-dynamic simplicity dichotomy for geodesics

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Consider a lattice F⊂PSL⁡2(R)F\subset \operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R}) with invariant trace field \K=Q({disc⁡(γ)∣γ∈F})\K=\mathbb{Q}(\{\operatorname{disc}(\gamma)\mid \gamma\in F\}). Let S=F\HS=F\backslash\mathbb{H}, with mapping class group Mod⁡(S)=Out⁡(F)\operatorname{Mod}(S)=\operatorname{Out}(F). Fix a simple geodesic α⊂S\alpha\subset S, let α~⊂H\widetilde{\alpha}\subset\mathbb{H} be its lift, viewed as an FF-invariant set of geodesics, and let ∂α~⊂RP1\partial\widetilde{\alpha}\subset\mathbb{R}\mathbb{P}^1 be the set of their endpoints. Arithmetic-dynamic simplicity conjecture. The following dichotomy holds: if α\alpha is fixed by an element of infinite order in Mod⁡(S)\operatorname{Mod}(S), then the endpoints in ∂α~\partial\widetilde{\alpha} are algebraic over \K\K; if α\alpha is not fixed by any element of infinite order in Mod⁡(S)\operatorname{Mod}(S), then the endpoints in ∂α~\partial\widetilde{\alpha} are transcendental over \K\K. In the first case, the relevant algebraic extension is further determined by the type of infinite-order mapping class: for a maximal product of commuting Dehn twists, the lifted geodesics are bi-asymptotic to simple closed geodesics and their endpoints lie in a quadratic extension of \K\K; for a pseudo-Anosov element A∈Mod⁡(S)A\in\operatorname{Mod}(S), the endpoints are expected to belong to \K[μj]\K[\mu_j] for a Lyapunov exponent μj\mu_j given by a root of the Teichmüller polynomial of AA. This proposes an arithmetic/transcendence dichotomy for simple geodesics, relating the algebraicity of their endpoints to dynamical symmetries of the surface. The general status is not supplied in the source.

References

Primary source

Scott Schmieding and Christopher-Lloyd Simon, “Geometry and Transcendence of the Hexponential”, arXiv:2402.17628 (2024).

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