Three-dimensional Gamma-limit conjecture for membranes, tubes, and micelles

Let FρF_\rho be the energy functional, let mm be the prescribed mass, let ζ>0\zeta>0 be the mass ratio, and define

Fρ:=Fρc(ζ)mρ2.F'_\rho:=\frac{F_\rho-c(\zeta)m}{\rho^2}.

Here ρ0\rho\to0 is the vanishing-thickness parameter, n=3n=3, and ζ0<ζ1<ζ2\zeta_0<\zeta_1<\zeta_2 are the transition values from the asymptotic energy formula.

Three-dimensional Gamma-limit conjecture. For n=3n=3 and ρ0\rho\to0, if ζ(ζ0,ζ1)\zeta\in(\zeta_0,\zeta_1), the Gamma-limit of FρF'_\rho is a quadratic form in the principal curvatures for closed surfaces, in the sense of Radon measures. If ζ(ζ1,ζ2)\zeta\in(\zeta_1,\zeta_2), it is the elastica functional for closed W2,2W^{2,2} curves in R3\mathbb R^3, in the sense of Radon measures. If ζ(ζ2,)\zeta\in(\zeta_2,\infty), it is a mass-partition functional for weighted Dirac delta point measures.

This conjecture predicts distinct curvature and concentration limits for the three-dimensional bilayer, cylindrical-micelle, and spherical-micelle regimes. The source gives analogies with existing variational conjectures and theorems, but no proof of these Gamma-limits.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Qiang Du, James M. Scott and Zirui Xu, “Ohta-Kawasaki energy for amphiphiles: asymptotics and phase-field simulations”, arXiv:2401.05679 (2024).

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