Generalized conjecture on squares in the associated recurrence sequence

From papers

Let aa, bb, and dd be positive integers with dd nonsquare, let α=a+b2d\alpha=a+b^{2}\sqrt{d} have norm Nα=a2b4dN_{\alpha}=a^{2}-b^{4}d, and let ε=(t+ud)/2\varepsilon=(t+u\sqrt{d})/2 be a unit in OQ(d)\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})} with t,ut,u positive integers. Define xk,ykx_k,y_k by replacing ε2k\varepsilon^{2k} in

xk+ykd=αε2kx_k+y_k\sqrt{d}=\alpha\varepsilon^{2k}

with εk\varepsilon^k, so that yky_k is the coefficient of d\sqrt d in αεk\alpha\varepsilon^k. Generalized squares conjecture. There are at most four distinct integer squares among the yky_k. If Nα|N_{\alpha}| is a prime power or a perfect square, then there are at most three distinct integer squares among the yky_k. This generalizes the first bound to the sequence obtained using all powers of the unit rather than only even powers, and remains unresolved in the supplied source.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Paul M Voutier, “Bounds on the number of squares in recurrence sequences”, arXiv:2401.01293 (2025).

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