The hook-number ratio conjecture for odd-part and distinct-part partitions

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Let O(n)\mathcal O(n) and D(n)\mathcal D(n) denote the collections of partitions of nn into odd parts and distinct parts, respectively. For an integer h≥1h\geq 1, let

ah(n)=∑λ∈O(n)#{x∈H(λ):x=h},bh(n)=∑λ∈D(n)#{x∈H(λ):x=h}.a_h(n)=\sum_{\lambda\in\mathcal O(n)}\#\{x\in\mathcal H(\lambda):x=h\},\qquad b_h(n)=\sum_{\lambda\in\mathcal D(n)}\#\{x\in\mathcal H(\lambda):x=h\}.

The hook-number ratio conjecture. For fixed h≥2h\geq 2, there exists an integer Nh>0N_h>0 such that ah(n)≥bh(n)a_h(n)\geq b_h(n) for all n>Nhn>N_h, and there exists a constant γh>1\gamma_h>1 such that

ah(n)bh(n)⟶γhas n→∞.\frac{a_h(n)}{b_h(n)}\longrightarrow\gamma_h\qquad\text{as }n\to\infty.

This conjecture predicts that, although partitions into distinct parts have at least as many hooks of length 11 as partitions into odd parts, the inequality reverses asymptotically for every fixed hook length h≥2h\geq2. The source paper proves the conjecture motivating these statements, but this formulation is presented as a conjecture in the cited prior work; its resolution is not specified here.

References

Primary source

William Craig, Madeline Locus Dawsey and Guo-Niu Han, “Inequalities and asymptotics for hook numbers in restricted partitions”, arXiv:2311.15013 (2026).

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