Conjecture on special values of zpread polynomials

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Let Zn(x)Z_n(x) be the nnth zpread polynomial, let n≥1n\geq 1 be an integer, and define the golden ratio by

φ=1+52.\varphi=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}.

Special-value conjecture. The following equivalences hold:

  1. Zn(2)=2Z_n(2)=2 if and only if n≡1(mod2)n\equiv 1\pmod 2.
  2. Zn(3)=3Z_n(3)=3 if and only if n≡1,2(mod3)n\equiv 1,2\pmod 3.
  3. Zn(2+φ)=2+φZ_n(2+\varphi)=2+\varphi if and only if n≡1,4(mod5)n\equiv 1,4\pmod 5.
  4. Zn(2+φ)=3−φZ_n(2+\varphi)=3-\varphi if and only if n≡2,3(mod5)n\equiv 2,3\pmod 5.

These assertions record empirical congruence patterns for fixed points and special values of the zpread polynomials on [0,4][0,4]. The supplied text describes them as empirical observations and gives no evidence that they have been proved or disproved.

References

Primary source

Hans-Christian Herbig and Mateus de Jesus Gonçalves, “On the numerology of trigonometric polynomials”, arXiv:2311.13604 (2023).

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