O. Nguyen's intermediate real-root count conjecture for random polynomials

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Let (εk)(\varepsilon_k) be an i.i.d. sequence of standard Gaussian random variables, and let

fn(x)=∑k=0nckεkxkf_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n c_k\varepsilon_k x^k

with (ck)(c_k) a bounded sequence of real numbers. For α∈(0,1)\alpha\in(0,1), write RnR_n for the number of real roots of fnf_n.

O. Nguyen's conjecture. Given α∈(0,1)\alpha\in(0,1), there exists a bounded sequence (ck)(c_k) of real numbers such that

ERn=nα+o(1).\mathbb E R_n=n^{\alpha+o(1)}.

This conjecture asks whether random polynomials with Gaussian coefficients can realize every intermediate power-law order of expected real roots between the logarithmic and linear regimes. The surrounding discussion cites known logarithmic, square-root, and linear-root regimes, but provides no resolution of the conjecture.

References

Primary source

Marcus Michelen and Sean O'Rourke, “On random polynomials with an intermediate number of real roots”, arXiv:2310.16966 (2024).

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