Transcendence conjecture for power towers of ultra-Liouville numbers

Let θ\theta be the fixed point of xξxx\mapsto \xi^x and define the iterated power towers by h1(ξ)=ξh_1(\xi)=\xi and hk+1(ξ)=ξhk(ξ)h_{k+1}(\xi)=\xi^{h_k(\xi)} for k1k\geq 1. An ultra-Liouville number is a Liouville number satisfying the stronger approximation condition used in the paper. Transcendence conjecture. If ξ\xi is an ultra-Liouville number, then hk(ξ)h_k(\xi) is transcendental for all k1k\geq 1. The conjecture extends the established transcendence results for the first few levels of the power tower. Corollary (ii) shows that infinitely many of h4(ξ),h5(ξ),h_4(\xi),h_5(\xi),\ldots are transcendental for ξL()\xi\in\mathbb{L}^{(\infty)}, but it does not prove transcendence at every level.

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Primary source

Diego Marques, Marcelo Oliveira and Pavel Trojovský, “On the Transcendence of Power Towers of Liouville Numbers”, arXiv:2310.06780 (2023).

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