Finiteness and completeness conjecture for Bernoulli polynomial derivatives

The Bernoulli polynomials Bn(x)\mathbf{B}_n(x) are defined by

textet1=n=0Bn(x)tnn!,\frac{t e^{xt}}{e^t-1}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\mathbf{B}_n(x)\frac{t^n}{n!},

and let

S={1,2,4,6,10,12,28,30,36,60},S={n1:Bn(x)Z[x]}.\mathcal{S}=\{1,2,4,6,10,12,28,30,36,60\},\qquad \overline{\mathcal{S}}=\{n\geq1:\mathbf{B}'_n(x)\in\mathbb{Z}[x]\}.

Finiteness and completeness conjecture. The set S\overline{\mathcal{S}} is finite and

S=S.\overline{\mathcal{S}}=\mathcal{S}.

This conjecture asserts that the known sequence of indices whose Bernoulli polynomial derivative has integral coefficients is finite and completely determined by the displayed set; the paper gives no resolution of these assertions.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Bernd C. Kellner, “On the finiteness of Bernoulli polynomials whose derivative has only integral coefficients”, arXiv:2310.01325 (2024).

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