Boris Shapiro's total reality conjecture for convex curves

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Let γ:R→Rm−1[u]\gamma:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}_{m-1}[u] be a convex curve, meaning that any mm distinct points along γ\gamma are linearly independent. Let z1,…,zd(m−d)z_1,\dots,z_{d(m-d)} be distinct real numbers, and for each ii let Wi∈Gr(m−d,d)W_i\in\mathrm{Gr}(m-d,d) be the osculating (m−d)(m-d)-plane to γ\gamma at ziz_i. Boris Shapiro's total reality conjecture for convex curves. There are exactly \mathsf{f}^{{\mathchoice% {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} }} distinct solutions to the corresponding Schubert problem, with \nu={\mathchoice% {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} }, and all solutions are real. This generalizes the Shapiro–Shapiro conjecture from the moment curve to arbitrary convex curves; the supplied text does not state its resolution.

References

Primary source

Steven N. Karp and Kevin Purbhoo, “Universal Plücker coordinates for the Wronski map and positivity in real Schubert calculus”, arXiv:2309.04645 (2026).

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