Boris Shapiro's total reality conjecture for convex curves

Let γ:RRm1[u]\gamma:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}_{m-1}[u] be a convex curve, meaning that any mm distinct points along γ\gamma are linearly independent. Let z1,,zd(md)z_1,\dots,z_{d(m-d)} be distinct real numbers, and for each ii let WiGr(md,d)W_i\in\mathrm{Gr}(m-d,d) be the osculating (md)(m-d)-plane to γ\gamma at ziz_i. Boris Shapiro's total reality conjecture for convex curves. There are exactly \mathsf{f}^{{\mathchoice% {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} }} distinct solutions to the corresponding Schubert problem, with \nu={\mathchoice% {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\scalebox{1.35}{\raisebox{-0.02em}{\sqsubset!!\sqsupset}}} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} {\sqsubset\!\!\sqsupset} }, and all solutions are real. This generalizes the Shapiro–Shapiro conjecture from the moment curve to arbitrary convex curves; the supplied text does not state its resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Steven N. Karp and Kevin Purbhoo, “Universal Plücker coordinates for the Wronski map and positivity in real Schubert calculus”, arXiv:2309.04645 (2026).

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