Swinnerton-Dyer's refined Manin conjecture for cubic surfaces

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Let S′S' be a cubic surface over Q\mathbb{Q}, let U′U' be the relevant open subset, let HH be its height function, and let ρ′\rho' denote the corresponding Picard rank. Write NU′,H(B)N_{U',H}(B) for the number of rational points of height at most BB. Swinnerton-Dyer's refined Manin conjecture. There exist positive constants θ1,θ2,θ3<1\theta_1,\theta_2,\theta_3<1 with θ1<min⁡{θ2,θ3}\theta_1<\min\{\theta_2,\theta_3\}, a polynomial f∈R[x]f\in\mathbb{R}[x] of degree ρ′−1\rho'-1, a constant γ∈R\gamma\in\mathbb{R}, and a sequence (γn)⊂C(\gamma_n)\subset\mathbb{C} such that

NU′,H(B)=Bf(log⁡B)+γBθ3+Re∑ngammanBθ2+itn+Oϵ(Bθ1+ϵ).N_{U',H}(B)=Bf(\log B)+\gamma B^{\theta_3}+\mathfrak{R}e\sum_ngamma_nB^{\theta_2+it_n}+O_\epsilon(B^{\theta_1+\epsilon}).

Here 1/2+itn1/2+it_n runs through a set of non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function, with tn>0t_n>0 positive and monotonically increasing, such that ∑n∣γn∣\sum_n|\gamma_n| and ∑ntn−2\sum_n t_n^{-2} converge. The conjecture refines the Manin conjecture by predicting both a more precise secondary term and an error term with power saving; the source does not report a proof or disproof, and also suggests that an analogue might hold for arbitrary surfaces.

References

Primary source

Xiaodong Zhao, “The Manin-Peyre conjecture for three del Pezzo surfaces”, arXiv:2308.14957 (2023).

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