The sectional-degree formula for the Euclidean distance degree

Let XCnX \subseteq \mathbb{C}^n be an irreducible affine variety, and let XPn\overline{X} \subset \mathbb{P}^n be its projective closure. Let QQ_{\infty} denote the quadric at infinity, and let si(X)s_i(X) denote the iith sectional degree of XX. The sectional-degree conjecture. If X\overline{X} intersects QQ_{\infty} transversely, then the Euclidean distance degree of XX is

EDdegree(X)=s0(X)++sn1(X).\operatorname{EDdegree}(X)=s_0(X)+\cdots+s_{n-1}(X).

The conjecture proposes an affine analogue of the relation between Euclidean distance degree and polar degrees. The preceding results establish the corresponding mixed-volume formula under additional hypotheses, but the stated formula is presented as a conjecture for varieties whose projective closure intersects the quadric at infinity transversely.

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Primary source

Julia Lindberg, Leonid Monin and Kemal Rose, “The algebraic degree of sparse polynomial optimization”, arXiv:2308.07765 (2024).

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