Gutin's uniqueness conjecture for maximal self-adjoint decompositions

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Let A\mathcal{A} be a finite-dimensional ∗\ast-algebra over R\mathbb{R}, and let H∈AH\in\mathcal{A} be self-adjoint, meaning H∗=HH^{\ast}=H. Let k∈Nk\in\mathbb{N} be maximal among the integers for which there are nonzero self-adjoint pairwise orthogonal elements P1,…,Pk∈AP_1,\ldots,P_k\in\mathcal{A} satisfying

H=∑i=1kPiHPi.H=\sum_{i=1}^k P_iHP_i.

More explicitly, Pi∗=PiP_i^{\ast}=P_i, PiPj=δijPiP_iP_j=\delta_{ij}P_i, and Pi≠0P_i\neq 0 for all i,j∈[k]i,j\in[k]. Consider another decomposition of the same maximal length,

H=∑i=1kQiHQi,H=\sum_{i=1}^k Q_iHQ_i,

with the analogous conditions on the QiQ_i. Gutin's conjecture. There exist a permutation σ∈Sk\sigma\in S_k and an element U∈AU\in\mathcal{A} such that U∗=U−1U^{\ast}=U^{-1}, UHU∗=HUHU^{\ast}=H, and

UQiU∗=Pσ(i)for all i∈[k].UQ_iU^{\ast}=P_{\sigma(i)}\qquad\text{for all }i\in[k].

This conjecture proposes a broad uniqueness principle generalizing the spectral theorem: maximal decompositions of a self-adjoint element in a finite-dimensional real ∗\ast-algebra should be related by a unitary element preserving that element, up to permutation. The paper states that certain cases are proved and presents applications to representing matrix decompositions through ∗\ast-algebras and ∗\ast-ideals; the general claim remains open.

References

Primary source

Ran Gutin, “A conjecture concerning *-algebras that unifies some matrix decompositions”, arXiv:2308.04513 (2023).

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