Interlacing conjecture for deformed monotone Hurwitz numbers

Let g0g\geqslant 0, n1n\geqslant 1, and let μ1,,μn1\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n\geqslant 1. The deformed monotone Hurwitz number Hg,nt(μ1,,μn)\vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n) is a polynomial in tt. Two real-rooted polynomials interlace when their roots weakly alternate, with their degrees differing by one. Interlacing conjecture. The polynomial Hg,nt(μ1,,μn)\vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n) interlaces each of the nn polynomials

Hg,nt(μ1+1,μ2,,μn),Hg,nt(μ1,μ2+1,,μn),,Hg,nt(μ1,μ2,,μn+1).\vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1+1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n),\quad \vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\mu_2+1,\ldots,\mu_n),\quad\ldots,\quad \vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n+1).

For fixed (g,n)(g,n) this predicts a lattice of interlacing polynomials; it has been checked computationally in many cases, but remains unproved in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Xavier Coulter, Norman Do and Ellena Moskovsky, “Integration on complex Grassmannians, deformed monotone Hurwitz numbers, and interlacing phenomena”, arXiv:2308.04015 (2023).

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