Interlacing conjecture for deformed monotone Hurwitz numbers

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Let g⩾0g\geqslant 0, n⩾1n\geqslant 1, and let μ1,…,μn⩾1\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n\geqslant 1. The deformed monotone Hurwitz number H⃗g,nt(μ1,…,μn)\vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n) is a polynomial in tt. Two real-rooted polynomials interlace when their roots weakly alternate, with their degrees differing by one. Interlacing conjecture. The polynomial H⃗g,nt(μ1,…,μn)\vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_n) interlaces each of the nn polynomials

H⃗g,nt(μ1+1,μ2,…,μn),H⃗g,nt(μ1,μ2+1,…,μn),…,H⃗g,nt(μ1,μ2,…,μn+1).\vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1+1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n),\quad \vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\mu_2+1,\ldots,\mu_n),\quad\ldots,\quad \vec{H}^t_{g,n}(\mu_1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n+1).

For fixed (g,n)(g,n) this predicts a lattice of interlacing polynomials; it has been checked computationally in many cases, but remains unproved in general.

References

Primary source

Xavier Coulter, Norman Do and Ellena Moskovsky, “Integration on complex Grassmannians, deformed monotone Hurwitz numbers, and interlacing phenomena”, arXiv:2308.04015 (2023).

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