Reduced-fiber-free slope equality conjecture for fibered surfaces

Let DD be an effective divisor on Mg\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g} as in the paper's definition, and let f ⁣:SBf\colon S\to B be a relatively minimal fibered surface of genus gg whose generic fiber is not contained in DD. Write KfK_f and χf\chi_f for the relative canonical divisor and relative Euler characteristic, and let IndD(f1(p))\operatorname{Ind}_D(f^{-1}(p)) denote the Horikawa index of the fiber germ over pBp\in B.

Reduced-fiber-free slope equality conjecture. The slope equality

Kf2=(12sD)χf+pBIndD(f1(p))K_f^2=(12-s_D)\chi_f+\sum_{p\in B}\operatorname{Ind}_D(f^{-1}(p))

holds without the assumption that any fiber of the relative canonical model of ff is reduced.

The theorem is known under the reducedness hypothesis and in several cases without it, including the cases described immediately before the conjecture. The general removal of the reducedness assumption remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Makoto Enokizono, “Slope inequality of fibered surfaces, Morsification conjecture and moduli of curves”, arXiv:2307.04311 (2026).

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