The variational solution threshold conjecture for the fractional Bernoulli problem on an interval

Let b1i(0,2)b1 i (0,2), x0iR~x_0 i\tilde{\mathbb{R}}, r>0r>0, and D=(x0r,x0+r)D=(x_0-r,x_0+r). Consider the variational problem referred to as Problem ref{variational_problem}, and the inner Bernoulli problem referred to as Problem ref{bernoulli_problem}, both on DD.

Variational solution threshold conjecture. There exists a constant bbdab1,Dbbda_{b1,D} with bbdab1,D>bbdab1,Dbbda_{b1,D}>bbda_{b1,D} such that, for every bbdaabbdab1,Dbbda a bbda_{b1,D}, the variational problem has a unique solution; this solution is symmetric with respect to x0x_0, continuous on R\mathbb{R}, nonincreasing on [x0,infty)[x_0,infty), and solves the inner Bernoulli problem. For every bbdai(0,bbdab1,D)bbda i (0,bbda_{b1,D}), the variational problem has no solutions.

The conjecture compares the variational and nonvariational solution sets. It is motivated by the existence of at least two Bernoulli solutions for sufficiently large parameters and by classical results for balls, but the stated threshold and uniqueness remain unproved here.

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Primary source

Tadeusz Kulczycki and Jacek Wszoła, “On the interior Bernoulli free boundary problem for the fractional Laplacian on an interval”, arXiv:2307.00896 (2023).

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