Gamma-positivity conjecture for peak-refined inverse descent polynomials

For n1n\geq1 and 0k(n1)/20\leq k\leq\lfloor(n-1)/2\rfloor, define

A^n,k(t)=πSnpk(π)=ktides(π)+1.\hat{A}_{n,k}(t)=\sum_{\substack{\pi\in\mathfrak{S}_n\\\\ \operatorname{pk}(\pi)=k}}t^{\operatorname{ides}(\pi)+1}.

A symmetric polynomial with center of symmetry (n+1)/2(n+1)/2 is γ\gamma-positive when its expansion in the corresponding gamma basis has nonnegative coefficients. Gamma-positivity conjecture. The polynomials A^n,k(t)\hat{A}_{n,k}(t) are γ\gamma-positive with center of symmetry (n+1)/2(n+1)/2. This refines unimodality of the inverse-descent distribution among permutations with a fixed number of peaks.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ira M. Gessel and Yan Zhuang, “Two-sided permutation statistics via symmetric functions”, arXiv:2306.15785 (2024).

Additional references

4 papers in this index state this conjecture (2016–2023). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2303.13115, arXiv:2202.08984, arXiv:1609.02790.

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