The explicit normalized Hilbert-series polynomial conjecture for the cusp

Let AA be a commutative ring with 11, let qAq\in A, and let NHd(t)A[t]\mathit{NH}_d(t)\in A[t]. Let [dr]q{d\brack r}_q be the qq-binomial coefficient, (t;q)m(t;q)_m the finite qq-Pochhammer symbol, and (t;q)(t;q)_\infty its infinite analogue. The explicit normalized Hilbert-series conjecture. There are unique polynomials NHd(t)\mathit{NH}_d(t) for d0d\geq 0 satisfying

NH0(t)=1,\mathit{NH}_0(t)=1, NHd(t2)=r=0dtr[dr]q(t;q)drNHr(tqdr),\mathit{NH}_d(t^2)=\sum_{r=0}^d t^r {d\brack r}_q(t;q)_{d-r}\mathit{NH}_r(tq^{d-r}),

and, if NHd(t)=i=0daiti\mathit{NH}_d(t)=\sum_{i=0}^d a_i t^i,

adi=qd(d2i)ai(0id/2).a_{d-i}=q^{d(d-2i)}a_i\quad(0\leq i\leq\lfloor d/2\rfloor).

Moreover,

NHd(t;q)=j=0dq(j+12)+j(dj)cj(q)tj,\mathit{NH}_d(t;q)=\sum_{j=0}^d q^{\binom{j+1}{2}+j(d-j)}c_j(q)t^j,

where j=0dcj(q)tj=(t;q)d\sum_{j=0}^d c_j(q)t^j=(-t;q)_d, and the coefficients are nonnegative integers. With Hd(t;q)=NHd(t;q)/(t;q)dH_d(t;q)=\mathit{NH}_d(t;q)/(t;q)_d, the associated series satisfies

Z^(t;q)=1(tq1;q1)n=0qn2t2n(q1;q1)n.\widehat Z(t;q)=\frac{1}{(tq^{-1};q^{-1})_\infty}\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{q^{-n^2}t^{2n}}{(q^{-1};q^{-1})_n}.

This packages the recurrence, functional equation, positivity, and the predicted zeta-series formula into one conjecture. It is based on computational evidence through d30d\leq 30 and is independent of the earlier recurrence conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yifeng Huang and Ruofan Jiang, “Punctual Quot schemes and Cohen–Lenstra series of the cusp singularity”, arXiv:2305.06411 (2023).

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