Typical near-optimal spectral gap conjecture for Weil–Petersson random hyperbolic surfaces

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Let PgWP\mathbb{P}_g^{\mathrm{\scriptsize{WP}}} denote the Weil–Petersson probability measure on compact hyperbolic surfaces of genus gg, and let λ1>0\lambda_1>0 be the smallest non-zero eigenvalue of their positive Laplace–Beltrami operator. Typical near-optimal spectral gap conjecture. For any ϵ>0\epsilon>0,

lim⁡g→+∞PgWP(λ1≥14−ϵ)=1.\lim_{g\rightarrow +\infty}\mathbb{P}_g^{\mathrm{\scriptsize{WP}}}\left(\lambda_1\geq\frac14-\epsilon\right)=1.

This conjectures that a near-optimal spectral gap is typical for large-genus Weil–Petersson random hyperbolic surfaces, strengthening the previously known probabilistic lower bounds 3/16−ϵ3/16-\epsilon and the theorem giving 2/9−ϵ2/9-\epsilon.

References

Primary source

Nalini Anantharaman and Laura Monk, “Friedman-Ramanujan functions in random hyperbolic geometry and application to spectral gaps I”, arXiv:2304.02678 (2026).

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