Guo's extension of two q-congruences modulo the square of a cyclotomic polynomial

Let nn be a positive odd integer, let (a;q)k(a;q)_k denote the qq-shifted factorial, and let Φn(q)\Phi_n(q) be the nnth cyclotomic polynomial. Guo's conjecture. Modulo Φn(q)2\Phi_n(q)^2, the following two congruences hold:

k=0n1(q;q2)k(1;q2)k(q2;q2)kq2k{q(n2)if n1(mod4),q(n+12)if n3(mod4),\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(q;q^2)_k(-1;q^2)_k}{(q^2;q^2)_k}q^{2k}\equiv \begin{cases} q^{\binom{n}{2}}&\text{if }n\equiv1\pmod{4},\\ -q^{\binom{n+1}{2}}&\text{if }n\equiv3\pmod{4}, \end{cases}

and

k=0n1(q;q2)k(q2;q2)k(q2;q2)kq2k+1{q(n+12)if n1(mod4),q(n2)if n3(mod4).\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(q;q^2)_k(-q^2;q^2)_k}{(q^2;q^2)_k}q^{2k+1}\equiv \begin{cases} q^{\binom{n+1}{2}}&\text{if }n\equiv1\pmod{4},\\ -q^{\binom{n}{2}}&\text{if }n\equiv3\pmod{4}. \end{cases}

These conjectures extend two previously established qq-analogues of a supercongruence for central binomial coefficients. The source attributes them to Guo's Conjectures 1 and 2; no resolution is stated in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ji-Cai Liu and Wei-Wei Qi, “Two new q-supercongruences arising from Carlitz's identity”, arXiv:2304.00298 (2023).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2014–2023). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1404.6978.

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