The square-free values asymptotic conjecture for separable polynomials

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Let f(X)∈Z[X]f(X)\in\mathbb{Z}[X] be a separable polynomial of degree g≥1g\geq 1, and suppose that gcd⁡{f(n):n∈Z}\gcd\{f(n):n\in\mathbb{Z}\} is square-free. For N≥1N\geq 1, define

δf(N)=∣{a(modN):f(a)≡0(modN)}∣.\delta_f(N)=\left|\{a\pmod N:f(a)\equiv 0\pmod N\}\right|.

Square-free values asymptotic conjecture. There is a positive constant

Cf=∏p(1−δf(p2)p2)C_f=\prod_p\left(1-\frac{\delta_f(p^2)}{p^2}\right)

such that

∣{1≤n≤X:f(n) is square-free}∣∼CfXas X⟶∞.\left|\{1\leq n\leq X:f(n)\text{ is square-free}\}\right|\sim C_fX\quad\text{as }X\longrightarrow\infty.

In particular, infinitely many values of f(n)f(n) are square-free, and a positive proportion are square-free. The conjecture is known for degrees at most 33 and, conditionally, in broader settings under the abc conjecture; degree at least 44 remains unresolved in general.

References

Primary source

Prem Prakash Pandey, “Square-free values of polynomials”, arXiv:2303.06610 (2023).

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