Isosceles right-triangle conjecture for the lowest positive Dirac eigenvalue

Let Ωa,bR2\Omega_{a,b}\subset\mathbb{R}^2 be the right triangle with vertices O=(0,0)O=(0,0), A=(a,0)A=(a,0) and B=(0,b)B=(0,b), where a,b>0a,b>0, and write λ1(a,b)=λ1(Ωa,b)\lambda_1(a,b)=\lambda_1(\Omega_{a,b}). The area is ab/2ab/2 and the perimeter is a+b+a2+b2a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}. For m0m\geq 0, isosceles right-triangle conjecture.

(i) If a,b,k>0a,b,k>0 and ab=k2ab=k^2, then

λ1(a,b)λ1(k,k).\lambda_1(a,b)\geq\lambda_1(k,k).

(ii) If a(0,(2+2)k)a\in(0,(2+\sqrt{2})k), b,k>0b,k>0, and

a+b+a2+b2=(2+2)k,a+b+\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=(2+\sqrt{2})k,

then

λ1(a,b)λ1(k,k).\lambda_1(a,b)\geq\lambda_1(k,k).

These assertions say that the isosceles right triangle minimises the lowest positive eigenvalue among right triangles with fixed area or perimeter. The paper presents them as the triangular analogue of the unresolved rectangle problem; the source does not provide a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tuyen Vu, “Spectral inequality for Dirac right triangles”, arXiv:2302.13040 (2023).

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