You and Liu's Laplacian spectral ratio conjecture for trees

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Let TT be a tree with n≥3n\geq 3 vertices. The Laplacian spectral ratio is

RL(G)=μ1(G)μn−1(G),R_L(G)=\frac{\mu_1(G)}{\mu_{n-1}(G)},

where μ1(G)\mu_1(G) and μn−1(G)\mu_{n-1}(G) are the largest and second smallest Laplacian eigenvalues of a connected graph GG. You and Liu's conjecture.

RL(K1, n−1)≤RL(T)≤RL(Pn),R_L(K_{1,\,n-1})\leq R_L(T)\leq R_L(P_n),

and the left equality holds if and only if T=K1, n−1T=K_{1,\,n-1}, while the right equality holds if and only if T=PnT=P_n. This conjecture proposes that among trees on nn vertices the star minimizes and the path maximizes the Laplacian spectral ratio; the source notes that conditions in terms of diameter and maximum degree had been established, but provides no resolution of the full conjecture.

References

Primary source

Zhen Lin, Jiajia Wang and Min Cai, “The Laplacian spectral ratio of connected graphs”, arXiv:2302.10491 (2023).

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