Odd-moment equidistribution conjecture for quartic Gauss sums

For odd integers kk, consider primitive quartic Dirichlet characters χ\chi of odd conductor qq, and let τ(χ)\tau(\chi) denote their Gauss sums. Odd-moment equidistribution conjecture. For each odd kk, there exists δ>0\delta>0 such that

qX(q,2)=1 χ: χ4=1cond(χ)=q(τ(χ)2q)kk,δX1δ.\sum_{\substack{q\leq X\\(q,2)=1}}\ \sum_{\substack{\chi:\ \chi^4=1\operatorname{cond}(\chi)=q}}\left(\frac{\tau(\chi)^2}{q}\right)^k\ll_{k,\delta}X^{1-\delta}.

This estimate would provide the missing odd-moment input for Weyl's criterion and hence support equidistribution of the normalized squared quartic Gauss sums in the full quartic family. The even-moment analysis in the paper does not establish this odd-kk estimate.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jennifer Berg, Nathan C. Ryan and Matthew P. Young, “Vanishing of Quartic and Sextic Twists of L-functions”, arXiv:2301.05329 (2023).

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