Jackson and Ringel's bichromatic number conjecture

Let SgS_g be the orientable surface of genus gg, and let β(G)\beta(G) denote the smallest hh such that the graph GG is biembeddable in the orientable surface ShS_h. The bichromatic number of SgS_g, denoted by χ2(Sg)\chi_2(S_g), is the maximum chromatic number over all graphs biembeddable in SgS_g. For g1g\geq 1, the Heawood-like inequality is

χ2(Sg)13+73+96g2.\chi_2(S_g) \leq \left\lfloor \frac{13+\sqrt{73+96g}}{2} \right\rfloor.

Jackson and Ringel's conjecture. For all g1g\geq 1, the bound in this inequality is tight:

χ2(Sg)=13+73+96g2.\chi_2(S_g) = \left\lfloor \frac{13+\sqrt{73+96g}}{2} \right\rfloor.

This is a higher-genus generalization of the Map Color Theorem and the Earth-Moon problem. The source presents the claim as a conjecture; its resolution is not specified here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Juvenal F. Barajas and Timothy Sun, “Index 3 biembeddings of the complete graphs”, arXiv:2301.00286 (2022).

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