Binomial-law conjecture for class and norm factors in cyclic p-extensions

Let L/KL/K be any cyclic pp-extension of degree pNp^N, with N1N \geq 1, and Galois group GG. Assume that L/KL/K is ramified at r1r \geq 1 places of KK, totally ramified in L/KL/K. Binomial-law conjecture. The orders of each of the two factors, class and norm, in the ii-sequence

#(HLi+1/HLi)\#({\mathcal H}_L^{i+1}/{\mathcal H}_L^i)

follow binomial laws as ii increases, based on the following probabilities: for cHKc \in {\mathcal H}_K, the probability that the pp-class of NL/K(C){\bf N}_{L/K}({\mathfrak C}) equals cc, for an ideal C{\mathfrak C} of LL, is

1#HK;\frac{1}{\# {\mathcal H}_K};

and, for γGr1\gamma \in G^{r-1}, the probability that ωL/K(x)=γ\omega_{L/K}(x)=\gamma, for xK×x \in K^\times that is a local norm at all non-ramified places, is

1pN(r1).\frac{1}{p^{N(r-1)}}.

The conjecture proposes a probabilistic model for the successive class-group filtration factors and norm factors; the source gives heuristic motivation but no proof or resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Georges Gras, “Algebraic norm and capitulation of p-class groups in ramified cyclic p-extensions”, arXiv:2211.12279 (2023).

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