Inverse zero-sum conjecture for short zero-sum sequences in rank-two groups

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Let n≥2n\geq 2, let G=Cn⊕CnG=C_n \oplus C_n, let k∈[0,n−1]k\in [0,n-1], and let SS be a sequence of terms from GG with length ∣S∣=D⁡(G)+k−1=2n−2+k|S|=\operatorname{D}(G)+k-1=2n-2+k having no nonempty zero-sum subsequence of length at most D⁡(G)−k=2n−1−k\operatorname{D}(G)-k=2n-1-k. Then there exists a basis (e1,e2)(e_1,e_2) for GG such that the following hold. If k=0k=0, then S⋅gS\boldsymbol{\cdot}g satisfies the description given in Item 2, where g=−σ(S)g=-\sigma(S). If k=1k=1, then

S=e1[n−1]⋅∏i∈[1,n]∙(xie1+e2),S=e_1^{[n-1]}\boldsymbol{\cdot}{\prod}^{\bullet}_{i\in[1,n]}{(x_ie_1+e_2)},

for some x1,…,xn∈[0,n−1]x_1,\ldots,x_n \in [0,n-1] with x1+⋯+xn≡1(modn)x_1+\cdots+x_n\equiv 1 \pmod{n}. If k∈[2,n−2]k\in [2,n-2], then

S=e1[n−1]⋅e2[n−1]⋅(e1+e2)[k].S=e_1^{[n-1]} \boldsymbol{\cdot} e_2^{[n-1]} \boldsymbol{\cdot} (e_1 + e_2)^{[k]}.

If k=n−1k=n-1, then

e1[n−1]⋅e2[n−1]⋅(xe1+e2)[k],e_1^{[n-1]} \boldsymbol{\cdot} e_2^{[n-1]} \boldsymbol{\cdot} (xe_1 + e_2)^{[k]},

for some x∈[1,n−1]x\in[1,n-1] with gcd⁡(x,n)=1\gcd(x,n)=1. This is the proposed structural characterization of all extremal sequences attaining the stated short zero-sum bounds; the cases k∈0,1,n−1k\in\\{0,1,n-1\\} are known, while the intermediate range is the conjectural part.

References

Primary source

John Ebert and David J. Grynkiewicz, “Structure of a sequence with prescribed zero-sum subsequences: Rank Two p-groups”, arXiv:2211.08515 (2022).

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