The Density Hypothesis for the Riemann zeta-function and Dirichlet LL-functions

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Let σ∈[1/2,1]\sigma\in[1/2,1], let q≥2q\geq 2 be an integer, and let T≥3T\geq 3. Define the zero-counting sets

N(σ,T)={ρ∈C:ζ(ρ)=0, Re⁡(ρ)≥σ, ∣Im⁡(ρ)∣≤T},N(\sigma,T)=\{\rho\in\mathbb{C}:\zeta(\rho)=0,\ \operatorname{Re}(\rho)\geq\sigma,\ |\operatorname{Im}(\rho)|\leq T\},

and

N(σ,T,χ)={ρ∈C:L(ρ,χ)=0, Re⁡(ρ)≥σ, ∣Im⁡(ρ)∣≤T}.N(\sigma,T,\chi)=\{\rho\in\mathbb{C}:L(\rho,\chi)=0,\ \operatorname{Re}(\rho)\geq\sigma,\ |\operatorname{Im}(\rho)|\leq T\}.

Density Hypothesis. The implied constants being absolute, one should have

N(σ,T)≪T2(1−σ)log⁡(T)N(\sigma,T)\ll T^{2(1-\sigma)}\log(T)

and

\sideset∗∑χ (mod q)N(σ,T;χ)≪(qT)2(1−σ)log⁡(qT).\sideset{}{^*}\sum_{\chi\ (\mathrm{mod}\ q)}N(\sigma,T;\chi)\ll(qT)^{2(1-\sigma)}\log(qT).

The hypothesis predicts the expected density of zeros near the critical line for the zeta-function and the family of Dirichlet LL-functions. The source presents it as a conjecture but gives no resolution status.

References

Primary source

George Dickinson, “Zeros of Dirichlet L-functions near the critical line”, arXiv:2211.06264 (2022).

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