Conjecture that every nontrivial tree is harmonious

A graph GG is harmonious when it admits a harmonious labeling, namely an injective vertex labeling whose induced edge labels are also injective modulo E(G)|E(G)|; for trees, the definition allows at most one repeated vertex label. A tree is nontrivial if it has at least one edge. Harmonious-tree conjecture. Every nontrivial tree is harmonious. Many classes of trees are known to be harmonious, and super edge-magic trees are known to be harmonious, but the assertion for all trees remains open.

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Primary source

Rikio Ichishima, S. C. López, Francesc A. Muntaner-Batle and Yukio Takahashi, “Recent studies on the super edge-magic deficiency of graphs”, arXiv:2211.04029 (2022).

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