Sufficiency of the Hautus criterion for exact controllability of difference delay equations

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Let ΛN>0\Lambda_N>0, d∈Nd\in\mathbb{N}, q∈[1,+∞)q\in[1,+\infty), and consider the linear difference delay system with delay parameters and matrices ANA_N and BB described above. Let H(C)H(\mathbb{C}) denote the corresponding matrix-valued characteristic function, and let H(C)‾\overline{H(\mathbb{C})} be its closure. Hautus sufficiency conjecture. The system is LqL^q exactly controllable in time dΛNd\Lambda_N if and only if

rank⁡[M,B]=dfor every M∈H(C)‾,\operatorname{rank}[M,B]=d\quad\text{for every }M\in\overline{H(\mathbb{C})},

and

rank⁡[AN,B]=d.\operatorname{rank}[A_N,B]=d.

The corresponding rank conditions are known to be necessary, while sufficiency would resolve the associated Bézout identity over a Radon measure algebra; this remains an open problem.

References

Primary source

Yacine Chitour, Sébastien Fueyo, Guilherme Mazanti and Mario Sigalotti, “Hautus–Yamamoto criteria for approximate and exact controllability of linear difference delay equations”, arXiv:2210.13590 (2025).

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