Algebraic Fourier coefficients of harmonic Maass forms

Let f~\tilde f be a harmonic Maass form of weight k12Zk \in \frac{1}{2}\mathbb{Z} for a congruence subgroup, and suppose that ξ(f~)0\xi(\tilde f) \neq 0. Its holomorphic part is the holomorphic part of the Fourier expansion of f~\tilde f.

Algebraicity conjecture. If all Fourier coefficients of the holomorphic part of f~\tilde f are algebraic, then ξ(f~)\xi(\tilde f) is either a unary theta series with k{12,32}k \in \{\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{2}\} or a binary theta series with 2k22-k \geq 2. In these cases, the coefficients have bounded denominators if and only if kk is half-integral.

The conjecture formalizes the expectation that the known examples with algebraic Fourier coefficients are the only ones. The source notes that generic harmonic Maass forms are generally believed to have transcendental Fourier coefficients, while the unary case has rational coefficients with explicitly bounded denominators and the binary case appears to have algebraic coefficients with unbounded denominators. The conjecture's general status is not specified in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Stephan Ehlen, Yingkun Li and Markus Schwagenscheidt, “Harmonic Maass forms associated with CM newforms”, arXiv:2210.07341 (2025).

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