Bernoulli polynomial approximation conjecture for the discrete differences

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Let bnb_n be the factorially normalized Bernoulli polynomial of degree nn, and let δk:2n\delta_{k:2n} denote the difference between the uniform distribution on {1,…,2n}\{1,\dots,2n\} and the distribution of the index InI_n, for 1≤k≤2n1\leq k\leq 2n. Thus, δk:2n=12n−pk:2n\delta_{k:2n}=\frac{1}{2n}-p_{k:2n}. Bernoulli polynomial approximation conjecture. The discrete sequence (δ1:2n,…,δ2n:2n)(\delta_{1:2n},\dots,\delta_{2n:2n}) satisfies

sup⁡1≤k≤2n∣2nπnδk:2n−(2π)nbn(k−12n−1)∣→0\sup_{1\leq k\leq 2n}\left|2n\pi^n\delta_{k:2n}-(2\pi)^n b_n\left(\frac{k-1}{2n-1}\right)\right|\xrightarrow[]{}0

as n→∞n\to\infty. This conjecture proposes that the discrete sequence approximates the Bernoulli polynomials, and consequently the associated shifted cosine functions, in the large-degree limit.

References

Primary source

Yassine El Maazouz and Jim Pitman, “The Bernoulli clock: probabilistic and combinatorial interpretations of the Bernoulli polynomials by circular convolution”, arXiv:2210.02027 (2024).

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