Geometric orbit-growth conjecture for Bulgarian Solitaire necklaces

From papers

Let PP be a primitive necklace, and let OPk\mathcal{O}_{P^k} denote the Bulgarian Solitaire orbit parametrized by PkP^k. For a necklace PP', say that PP and PP' are complementary when they are related by swapping black beads and white beads. Geometric orbit-growth conjecture. For any primitive necklace PP with P3|P|\geq 3, there is an integer cPc_P such that, for every k2k\geq 2,

OPk=(cP)k1OP.\left|\mathcal{O}_{P^k}\right|=(c_P)^{k-1}\left|\mathcal{O}_P\right|.

Moreover, complementary primitive necklaces have the same growth constant: if PP and PP' are related by swapping black beads and white beads, then cP=cPc_P=c_{P'}. The conjecture predicts geometric growth of orbit sizes for powers of primitive necklaces; data for primitive necklaces of lengths 44 and 55 are cited in the source, but no proof or resolution is provided.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Nhung Pham, “Limiting behavior in growth of Bulgarian Solitaire orbits”, arXiv:2208.14496 (2022).

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